Neurons, networks, and behavior
How does light energy falling on the back of our eye get
interpreted as a particular image of our friend or a painting or a
leaf? How does a cockroach escape imminent predation by a toad?
How does a slug remember that a recent poke wasnÕt dangerous? How
do we remember? A rigorous consideration of general principles of
neural integration at the cellular, sensory, central, and motor
levels of organization will serve as the groundwork for an
examination of such questions of integration. Then we will apply
those principles to particular systems including: locust flight,
cockroach escape,the role of giant fibers in crayfish behavior,
memory and learning in invertebrates and vertebrates, and
vertebrate visual systems (from light transduction in the retina
through integration in the visual cortex). Students will read
appropriate primary literature (both classical and contemporary)
and conduct their own research projects.
Syllabus
Spring 2017: Tues. and Friday, 8:20 a.m.-10:00 a.m. ;
Dickinson 117
(note the time; I will make meetings with you for labs)
Online Neuro
textbooks
Neuroscience
(Purves
et al)
Voltage
clamp
Patch clamp
Neuroscience
(University of Texas Medical School)
The Nervous system in action (University
of Nebraska Medical University)
This
may be review for some of you but we will begin with this:
Diffusion potential (Eion
)
Basis of resting membrane potential (Em(rest) )
Active and passive membrane responses
Ionic basis of action potential
Synaptic function
(difference between currents and potentials)-neuromuscular
junction (synapse) as example
Iion =gion |Em-Eion |
Interesting links for history of the study of
neuroscience: https://www.sfn.org/about/history-of-neuroscience;
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/hist.html
Illustrative systems we will study include:
Evolution of the nervous system:
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system
(2009)
Neuronal modeling primer
(from Camhi)
1)
cockroach escape
a) The Escape
Behavior of the Cockroach Periplaneta
americana I. Turning Response to Wind Puffs
(1978)
b)The
Escape Behavior of the Cockroach Periplaneta americana II. Detection of
Natural Predators by Air Displacement (1978)
c) Responses
of Giant Interneurons of the Cockroach Periplaneta americana to
Wind Puffs of Different Directions and Velocities
(1977)
d) Effect of
Static Load on Motor Behavior of the Cockroach Periplaneta americana
(2008)
e) Cockroaches
Keep Predators Guessing by Using Preferred Escape Trajectories
(2008)
f) Wasp
uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior of its
cockroach prey (2003)
Video1
Video2-a
more detailed explanation if you ignore the rampant
anthropomorphizing
g) A
Wasp Manipulates Neuronal Activity in the Sub-Esophageal
Ganglion to Decrease the Drive for Walking in Its Cockroach
Prey (2010)
h) Sensory Arsenal on
the Stinger of the Parasitoid Jewel Wasp and Its
Possible Role in Identifying Cockroach Brains
(2014)
i)Wasp Voodoo Rituals,
Venom-Cocktails, and the Zombification of Cockroach Hosts
(2014)
j) Do
Quiescence and Wasp Venom-Induced Lethargy Share Common
Neuronal Mechanisms in Cockroaches?(2017)
2)
locust flight
a) D. M. Wilson
(1961)-classic paper-locust flight motor
draw a putative network diagram of
the locust flight motor using the data from Wilson
locust flight handouts
Video-simulation
of locust flight-think about what the different colors mean
b) Central
control of locust flight (2006) sets Wilson's work in historical context
c) A
muscarinic cholinergic mechanism underlies activation of the
central pattern generator for locust flight (2008)
It will help you to make a table
of the different putative neurotransmitters, agonists, and
antagonists
From
Purves et al
3)
crayfish command fibers
a) Release
of coordinated behavior in crayfish by single neurons
(1966)-classic paper
b) Coordination
of Rhythmic Motor Activity by Gradients of Synaptic Strength
in a Neural Circuit That Couples Modular Neural Oscillators
(2009)
Review of motor commands: Fifty
years of CPGs: two neuroethological papers that shaped the
course of neuroscience (2010)
4)
memory and learning in molluscs-
Nova
video-learning and memory in Aplysia
Sensitization
in Aplysia-slide
show from Neurosciences
Aplysia handout
a) The
Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes
and Synapses 2001
LINK
to PURVES et al
b) Learning
in Aplysia: looking
at synaptic plasticity from both sides 2003
c) Activity-Dependent
Presynaptic Facilitation and Hebbian LTP Are Both Required and
Interact during Classical Conditioning in Aplysia 2003
d) The Biology
of Memory: A Forty-Year Perspective - Kandel 2009
e) Habituation in Aplysia 2009
f) Small systems
of neurons-Kandel early review 1979
g) Long-term
facilitation in Aplysia (1988)
h) Learning and
individuality Kandel and Hawkins (1992)
i) The
Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution
of Learning and Memory Mechanisms (2006)
j) The Octopus
Vertical Lobe Modulates Short-Term Learning Rate and Uses
LTP to Acquire Long-Term Memory (2008)
a) Differing
presynaptic contributions to LTP and associative learning in
behaving mice 2009
b) Structural
plasticity and memory 2004
c) Effects
of enriched physical and social environments on motor
performance, associative learning, and hippocampal
neurogenesis in mice 2010
d) Synaptic
plasticity and addiction 2007
e) Transition
to addiction is associated with a persistent impairment in
synaptic plasticity 2010
supporting material
f) Postmortem
examination of patient H.M.'s brain (2014)
g) Requirement
of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of
antidepressants (2003)
6) visual systems
Purves
chapters 11, 12
a) Strange vision: ganglion cells as
circadian photoreceptors (2003)
b)
Frequency-dependent reduction of voltage-gated sodium current
modulates retinal ganglion cell response (2011)
c) Image-matching
during ant navigation (2011)
d)
Desert ant navigation: how miniature brains solve complex
tasks (2003)
e)Active
flight increases the gain of visual motion processing in
Drosophila
f) Patterning
and Plasticity of the Cerebral Cortex
(2005)-extraordinary study in which visual input is diverted to
auditory cortex in neonatal ferrets
7) Higher integrative CNS processes
a)Dysfunction
in the Neural Circuitry of Emotion RegulationÑA Possible
Prelude to Violence
c) Neural
correlates of admiration and compassion
d) The
role of primordial emotions in the evolutionary origin of
consciousness
e)Social
Cognition and the Evolution of Language: Constructing Cognitive
Phylogenies (2010)
f)A
preliminary analysis of sleep-like states in the cuttlefish
(2012)
i) Separate Processing of Texture and Form in the
Ventral Stream: Evidence from fMRI and
j)
Visual Agnosia2010
l) Perception of
Face Parts and Face Configurations: An fMRI Study
m) Obesity
elicits interleukin 1-mediated deficits in hippocampal synaptic
plasticity (2014)
n) Dopamine
imbalance in huntington's disease: a mechanism for the lack of
behavioral flexibility (2013)
Course
Requirements: see how to read and facilitate (download
this!)
1-attend all
classes and be well-prepared
2-read
assignments AND take
notes CHECK OUT THIS PAPER: The
Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard:Advantages of Longhand Over
Laptop Note Taking
AND THIS
ONE: Learning
to learn
3-browse current journals
4-in class
discussion (facilitate and participate and choose papers)
This is a discussion class. Talk to each other
during class.
5-research project
By midterm:
-things to consider during proposal presentation for Oct. 17
-research proposal with literature cited -due: Oct.
Oct.19
Final work:
presentation
poster (instructions)
paper (instructions)
checklist for final report
Project ideas
National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke (Basic research)
Transformative
basic research at NINDS: A case for invertebrate models
systems
Cool papers for project ideas
Consciousness
in a cockroach
A GABAergic Mechanism Is Necessary for
Coupling Dissociable Ventral and Dorsal Regional Oscillators
within the Circadian Clock
Context
Odor Presentation during Sleep Enhances Memory in Honeybees
Unraveling
the Evolutionary Determinants of Sleep
Effects of aging on
behavior and leg kinematics during locomotion in two species of
cockroach
The Neural Basis
of Dominance Hierarchy Formation in Crayfish
Coordinated Righting
Behaviour in Locusts
Use of bilateral
information to determine the walking direction during
orientation to a pheromone source in the silkmoth Bombyx mori
Intersegmental
Coordination: Influence of a Single Walking Leg on the
Neighboring Segments in the Stick Insect Walking System
D-amphetamine stimulates
unconditioned exploration/approach behaviors in crayfish:
Towards a conserved evolutionary function of ancestral drug
reward
Drug-sensitive
reward in crayfish: An invertebrate model system for the study
of SEEKING, reward, addiction, and withdrawal
Neuronal
Processing of Chemical Information in Crustaceans
Neuropsychology
of Learning and Memory in Teleost Fish
Learning,
memorizing and apparent forgetting of chemical cues from new
predators by Iberian green frog tadpoles
Correlates
of Sleep and Waking in Drosophila melanogaster
Foraging alters
resilience/vulnerability to sleep disruption and starvation in
Drosophila
The
Physiology of the Tettigoniid ear (cricket hearing)
Opercular beat rate for
rainbow darters Etheostoma caeruleum exposed to chemical
stimuli from conspecific and heterospecific fishes
Aggression in
invertebrates
Effects
of ocean acidification on learning in coral reef fishes
Two
different forms of arousal in Drosophila
Identification
of an aggression-promoting pheromone and its receptor neurons
in Drosophila