Diversity of Coral Reef Animals
Fall 2020
Tues., Fri.
10:30 a.m.-12:20 p.m.

bookmark this website
check the website for updates

Betsy Sherman
dickinson 108
office hours will be posted
or by appointment


This class is excellent preparation for
Field Course in Coral Reef Biology (Jan. 4-11, 2020)

How to get the most out of this class.

The work in this class will encourage you to think like a scientist. What are the significant questions regarding coral reef animal diversity?  How did reefs and the organisms that inhabit them evolve?  What are the physical attributes of reefs?  What are persuasive methods, experiments, and observations by which to study the animals in the reef?  Take responsibility for your own learning.  You will find the work much more rewarding if you come to class prepared, having read the assignment carefully so that you can participate in discussions.

It is important for all of us to come together as a group interested in discussing coral reef biology.  Each of us is part of this group, and as such, our behavior is not just about each of us as individuals, but also about being members of a group.  Be respectful and attentive.  Do not arrive late, as it is disrespectful and disruptive.  Do not leave the room during class, as it is disrespectful and disruptive.  Plan your time.  [Use the bathroom before class.  Bring water, tissues, lozenges, etc. with you. Do not engage in any activity that you would avoid at a job interview (e.g. do not pick your nose or skin, do not slouch, play with your hair, chew on your nails, etc.)  Turn off your cell phone before coming to class. Do not surf the web or check your email during class]. 

The evidence about learning is very clear: students learn more deeply and analytically when they take hand-written notes. So bring a notebook and writing implements to class. No computers on desks.

Class attendance is required.  Plan your work. All assignments must be submitted on time in order to pass this class. Frequently I write assignments on the board or project them in class so be prepared to write them down. If you must miss a class, it is your responsibility to get the assignment and find out from another student about missed work. If you plan to miss class before or after Long Weekend or Thanksgiving, either change your plans or do not take this class.  If you plan to miss the last class, either change your plan, or do not take this class. An absence is an absence with no distinction between excused and not.

The work is the thing.

If you are having difficulty, please make an appointment with me to discuss the work.

Requirements:

Students will read papers from the scientific literature and scientific websites. Students will write two or three essay problem sets. From time to time, I may give a brief quiz on the assigned reading at the beginning of a class. Come to each class with hand-written notes on the reading assignment and include a thesis statement, a specific comment, and a question. I will call upon some of you each class to read your thesis or question or comment in order to begin our discussion. Participation in class discussion is required. Each of you will make a presentation on a question of interest to you. You will learn how a scientist researches a question using the scientific literature and have a chance to generate your own research question.


Topics

Coral Reef Primer-Knowlton
Why are coral reefs so important?
CoRIS-National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Coral Reef Information System
        What are coral reefs

1.  Properties of Ocean
    -good simulation and discussion of hydrogen bonding and properties of water
    -water
    -salinity
    -temperature

2.
What is a coral reef?
        Coral bleaching
Laws of Thermodynamics
            bean simulation
        Long-term region-wide declines in Caribbean corals
        Confronting the coral reef crisis
      
Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the Northern Line Islands

3.  Evolutionary Theory
    -Importance of mutations
    -questions of diversity

4.  Phylogeny (Betsy's marine diversity ppt)
    -what animals live in the sea
Raven and Johnson: Animal Diversity (Text pp. below)
875-880
881-885
886-897 Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes
899-911 Mollusca and Annelida (protostome phyla)
913-931 Arthropoda (protostome phyla)
933-939 Echinodermata (deuterostome phylum)
945-979 Chordata (deuterostome phylum)
I don't expect you to know all of the details of all the animals but if

you have a question about the characteristics of the animals we are discussing, you can search in here.
    -major animal phyla including:
        Porifera
            The mother of us all
        Cnidaria
            Transparent animals
            Coral spawn timing

     The creature with the key to immortality
       
Platyhelminthes
        Annelida
        Mollusca
            Reef squid anti-predator activity
            Octopus
            Secrets of the shell
        Arthropoda
            Mantis shrimp
       
Echinodermata
            Recovery of Diadema
        Chordata
            Why are coral reef fish so colorful?
            What can reef fish see?
            Leafy sea dragons
               
5.  Homeostasis and behavior-how to survive and reproduce
            Evolution of cleaning symbiosis
            Sex determination in fish-1
            Sex determination in fish-2
            Sea turtle navigation
            Shark electric sense
            Cleaning symbiosis
            Hermaphroditism

6.  Ecology
           Feeding ecology of invasive lionfish-James Morris, NOAA
           Hybridization and the Evolution of Reef Coral Diversity
           Reef fish populations-open or closed?
           Larval fish-swimming for dear life
           Dangers of ocean acidification
           Mangrove communities
           Fishkilling in reefs
           Shark populations
           Absence of sharks
           Lionfish invasion
           Larval connectivity
           Trophic cascades
           Effects of invasive Pacific red lionfish v. native predator
           

7.   Conservation

        Phase Shifts, Herbivory, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change
           Repopulation of Zooxanthellae in the Caribbean Corals Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata following Experimental and Disease-Associated                         Bleaching
        
Projecting Coral Reef Futures Under Global Warming and Ocean Acidification
       
Coral reef management and conservation in light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms
       
Preparing to manage coral reefs for ocean acidification: lessons from coral bleaching
           A global analysis of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in preventing coral loss (PLoS)

Mcleodetal Some interesting websites:
    NOAA-coral reef monitoring
            Coral reef bleaching
    REEF-Reef Environmental Education Foundation
    Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment

    Smithsonian Institution-Ocean Portal
    World Resources Institute
    European Project on OCean Acidification (EPOCA)